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Resource Body Systems Part 2

Body System #6: Immune System

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The immune system is the body’s defense against bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. This body system includes lymph nodes, the spleen, bone marrow, lymphocytes, the thymus gland, leukocytes, ducts, tissues, capillaries and vessels that transport lymph fluid to the circulatory system. Removal of the spleen, biopsy, and excision of lymph nodes are the procedure codes related to the lymphatic system. The immune system is made up of all the molecular and genetic components that defend the body from foreign organisms. Since, the immune system is located within the blood, many of the procedure and diagnosis codes related to it are also related to the blood, such as a complete blood count (CBC).
Diseases and Disorders of the Immune System
  • Allergic Rhinitis – This diagnosis results in an allergic response causing itchy, watery eyes and sneezing.
  • Lupus – Lupus is an inflammatory disease caused by the immune system’s attacking its own tissue.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis – RA is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the body’s joints, most commonly in the hands and feet.

Body System #7/8: Cardiovascular/Circulatory System

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The circulatory system permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells. It also helps fight disease, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis. The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, arteries, and veins that run throughout the body. Veinipunture to take a blood sample, to a heart transplant are the procedure codes related to the cardiovascular system.
Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System
  • Cardiovascular Disease – This disease comprises heart conditions that include diseased vessels, structural problems, and blood clots.
  • Arteriosclerosis – Fatty deposits in the arteries cause the walls to stiffen and thicken which can restrict blood flow.
  • Stroke – A stroke is characterized by a blockage of the blood vessels to the brain.
  • Hypertension – Hypertension is high blood pressure that causes the heart to work harder.
  • Aortic Aneurysm – This is a condition in which the aorta is damaged and starts to bulge or tear causing severe internal bleeding.
  • Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) – PAD is the narrowing or blockage of an artery.
  • Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) – With CVI, sections of the superficial veins of the lower extremities reflux.

Body System #9: Urinary System

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The urinary system helps eliminate waste products from the body. This body system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, sphincter muscles, and urethra. Urinary tract infections to bed-wetting and procedure codes range from insertion of catheters to surgical removal of kidney stones are the codes relating to the urinary system.
Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System
  • Kidney Disease – This is a disease of the kidneys where they are damaged and can’t filter blood properly. Kidney disease can cause waste to build up in the body, leading to sepsis.
  • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) – A UTI occurs when bacteria enters the urinary tract and affects the processes of the urethra, bladder, or kidneys.
  • Interstitial Cystitis (IC) – IC is a chronic bladder condition that causes bladder pressure and pain.
  • Prostatitis – Prostatitis is swelling of the prostate gland, often caused by advanced age.
  • Kidney Stones – These are stones found in the urinary tract.

Body System #10: Integumentary System

The integumentary system is an organ system that protects the body from damage, loss of water, or abrasion from outside. This body system includes human skin, hair, and nails, urinary tract infections to bed-wetting and procedure codes range from insertion of catheters to surgical removal of kidney stones are the codes relating to the urinary system.
Cardiac muscle: This is the heart muscle.
Smooth, or involuntary, muscles: These muscles make up several internal organs. They’re called involuntary muscles because we don’t control their movements (the movement of the intestinal walls, for example).
Skeletal, or voluntary, muscles: These muscles allow us to move. They’re called voluntary muscles because we control them.
Diseases and Disorders of the Integumentary System
  • Acne – Acne is a disorder of the hair and oil glands presenting itself as red bumps on the face, chest, and/or back.
  • Warts – Warts are bumps caused by a viral infection most commonly on the hands and feet.
  • Eczema – This is a condition that presents as red, itchy, flaky skin.
  • Vitiligo – With this condition, there is a loss of skin color that appears in blotches.
  • Psoriasis – This inflammatory skin condition presents as red, itchy plaques that occur most commonly on the knees and elbows.
  • Melanocytic Nevus – This is a usually noncancerous disorder of pigment-producing skin cells commonly called a birth mark or mole.
  • Basal Cell Carcinoma – With this type of cancer, the skin has a slight pearl color which rarely spreads to other parts of the body but must be treated.
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma – This skin cancer shows as a rough-surfaced skin-colored lesion, which causes death in about 10 percent of affected patients.
  • Melanoma – Melanoma is a skin cancer presenting as a dark, changing, bleeding skin spot which can be fatal in 35 percent of patients diagnosed.

Body System #11: Reproductive System

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The reproductive system is a combination of bodily organs and tissues used in the process of producing offspring. The reproductive systems are divided into the male and female organs and vary greatly. Circumcisions to artificial insemination are the procedure codes relating to the reproductive organs.
Diseases and Disorders of the Reproductive System
  • Cervical Cancer – Cervical cancer results in a malignant tumor of the cervix.
  • Prostate Cancer – This type of cancer occurs in a man’s prostate, a small sized gland that produces seminal fluid.
  • Vaginal Yeast Infection – This is an infection caused by a yeast fungus in the vagina.
  • Endometriosis – Endometriosis is a condition where tissue that normally lines the uterus ends up outside the uterus.
  • Gonorrhea – Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that may cause infertility if left untreated.
  • Erectile Dysfunction – This occurs when a man can’t keep or get an erection during sexual intercourse.

Body System #12: Digestive System

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The digestive system breaks down food, extracts nutrients into the bloodstream, and excretes waste. This body system is made up of the digestive tract, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The digestive system begins at the mouth and runs all the way through the body to the anus. There are many codes that can be identified in these systems, including diagnosis codes relating to upset stomach or nausea, to repair or incision of tongue, mouth, liver, and appendix.
Diseases and Disorders of the Digestive System
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome – IBS is an intestinal disorder causing pain in the stomach, gas, diarrhea, and constipation.
  • Diverticulitis – Diverticulitis is an inflammation of one or more small pouches in the digestive tract.
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease – GERD is a condition in which stomach acid irritates the esophagus.
  • Crohn’s Disease – This is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.

 
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